Cervical disc replacement - artificial disc replacement (ADR)

What is Cervical Disc Replacement and Why is it Done?

Cervical disc replacement, also known as artificial disc replacement (ADR), is a surgery to replace a damaged or degenerated disc in the neck (cervical spine) with an artificial disc implant. This procedure is often used to treat conditions like herniated discs, degenerative disc disease, or spinal stenosis that cause neck pain, arm pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness due to nerve compression. Unlike fusion surgery, ADR aims to relieve pain while preserving the natural motion of the neck.

How is the Surgery Performed?

• Anesthesia: You’ll be under general anesthesia, so you’ll be asleep and feel no pain during the procedure. 
• Incision: The surgeon makes a small incision (about 1-2 inches) in the front of your neck. 
• Accessing the Spine: Muscles and tissues are gently moved aside to reach the cervical spine, avoiding major structures like the esophagus and blood vessels. 
• Disc Removal: The damaged disc is carefully removed, relieving pressure on the nerves or spinal cord. 
• Implanting the Artificial Disc: A specially designed artificial disc, made of materials like metal and medical-grade plastic, is inserted into the disc space. This device mimics the natural disc, allowing controlled movement. 
• Closing: The incision is closed with stitches, leaving a small scar that typically fades over time.

The procedure usually takes 1-1.5 hours, and most patients stay in the hospital for 1 night after surgery.

Benefits of Cervical Disc Replacement

• Preserves Neck Motion: Unlike fusion, ADR allows you to maintain natural neck movement, reducing stress on nearby discs. 
• Effective Pain Relief: The surgery often reduces neck and arm pain, numbness, and weakness by relieving nerve and/or spinal cord pressure. 
• Faster Recovery: Many patients return to light activities within 2-4 days, with full recovery in 3-4 weeks. 
• Lower Risk of Future Issues: Preserving motion may reduce the chance of degeneration in adjacent spinal segments compared to fusion.

Possible Risks and Complications

While ADR is generally safe, all surgeries carry some risks, including: 

• Implant Issues: Rarely, the artificial disc may wear out, shift, or fail, requiring revision surgery. 
• Nerve Irritation: Nerves may be affected, causing temporary numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms. 
• Swallowing or Voice Changes: Some patients experience temporary difficulty swallowing or hoarseness due to the anterior approach. 
• Persistent Pain: Some patients may still have pain or limited relief after surgery. 
• General Surgery Risks: These include infection, bleeding, blood clots, or reactions to anesthesia.

Following your surgeon’s pre- and post-surgery instructions can help minimize these risks Emeritus Discuss all potential risks with your surgeon to understand what to expect.

Who is a Candidate for Cervical Disc Replacement?

You may be a candidate if you have a herniated disc, degenerative disc disease, or mild spinal stenosis in the cervical spine causing significant neck or arm pain, numbness, or weakness that hasn’t improved with non-surgical treatments. ADR is typically recommended for younger, active patients with healthy spinal bones and minimal arthritis. Your Neurosurgeon will assess your condition through a physical exam, imaging (like an MRI or CT scan), and a discussion of your symptoms to determine if this procedure is right for you.

Talk to Your Surgeon

Cervical disc replacement is a safe and effective option for many patients with cervical disc problems, offering pain relief while maintaining neck mobility. If you’re considering this surgery, talk to your Neurosurgeon about your symptoms, treatment options, and any questions to make an informed decision.