Lumbar microdiscectomy

What is Lumbar Microdiscectomy and Why is it Done?

Lumbar microdiscectomy is a minimally invasive surgery to remove part of a herniated disc in the lower back (lumbar spine) that is pressing on nerves. This pressure can cause sciatica—pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness that radiates from your lower back into your legs. The surgery aims to relieve these symptoms by taking pressure off the affected nerves, helping you move and feel better.

How is the Surgery Performed?

• Anesthesia: You’ll be under general anesthesia, so you’ll be asleep and feel no pain during the procedure.  
• Incision: The surgeon makes a small cut (about 1 inch) in your lower back above the affected disc (under X-ray guidance).
• Accessing the Disc: The back muscles are gently moved aside to reach the spine. The surgeon uses a microscope and specialized tools to see and work precisely.
• Disc Removal: The portion of the herniated disc pressing on the nerve is carefully removed, relieving the pressure.
• Closing: The incision is closed with stitches, leaving a small scar that typically fades over time.

The procedure usually takes about 40 minutes to 1 hour, and many patients go home the next day after the surgery.

Benefits of Lumbar Microdiscectomy

• Minimally Invasive: The small incision and use of a microscope reduce muscle damage, leading to less pain after surgery.
• Quick Recovery: Most patients resume light activities within a few days, with full recovery in 4-5 weeks.
• Effective Relief: The surgery successfully relieves leg pain and nerve symptoms for the vast majority of patients.

Possible Risks and Complications

While complications are rare, all surgeries have some risks, including:

• Nerve Issues: In rare cases, nerves may be irritated, causing temporary numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs.
• Dural Tear: The protective covering around the spinal cord or nerves may tear, which can usually be repaired during surgery.
• Re-herniation: The same disc could herniate again, requiring further treatment.
• Persistent Pain: Some rare patients may still have pain after surgery.
• General Surgery Risks: These include infection, bleeding, or reactions to anesthesia.

Following your surgeon’s pre- and post-surgery instructions can help minimize these risks. Discuss all potential risks with your surgeon to understand what to expect.

Who is a Candidate for Microdiscectomy?

You may be a candidate if you have a herniated disc in your lower back causing significant impingement of the nerve root with corresponding leg pain, numbness, or weakness that hasn’t improved with non-surgical treatments over 6-8 weeks. Your surgeon will evaluate your condition through an exam, imaging (like an MRI), and a discussion of your symptoms to determine if this surgery is right for you.

Talk to Your Neurosurgeon/Spine Surgeon

Lumbar microdiscectomy is a safe and effective way to relieve sciatica and nerve pain for many patients. If you’re considering this procedure, talk to your Neurosurgeon/Spine Surgeon about your symptoms, treatment options, and any questions you have to make an informed decision.